Physics

Speed, acceleration, SUVAT, free fall and projectiles.

• Acceleration Calculator Acceleration from a change in speed, over a time or a distance, in m/s², ft/s² and g.
• Free Fall Calculator How long something takes to fall, and how fast it lands, from a height or a fall time.
• Projectile Motion and Range Calculator Range, maximum height, flight time and landing speed for a launch at any angle and height.
• Speed, Distance and Time Calculator Find speed, distance or travel time from the other two.
• SUVAT Calculator (Equations of Motion) Solve the equations of motion for constant acceleration: enter any three of s, u, v, a and t.
• Terminal Velocity Calculator The speed at which drag balances weight, from mass, frontal area, drag coefficient and air density.
• Velocity, Average Velocity and Displacement Calculator Displacement and average velocity from start and end positions, compared with average speed over the actual path.

Force, friction, inclined planes, tension, momentum and collisions.

• Centre of Mass Calculator The balance point of up to four masses at given positions.
• Elastic Collision Calculator Velocities after a head-on elastic collision between two objects.
• Force, Mass and Acceleration Calculator (F = ma) Newton’s second law: find force, mass or acceleration from the other two.
• Friction and Coefficient of Friction Calculator Find friction force, the coefficient of friction or the normal force from the other two.
• Impulse Calculator Impulse from a force over a time or a change in velocity, with the average force and the velocity change.
• Inclined Plane Calculator Forces on a mass on a slope, whether it slides, how fast it accelerates and the force needed to push it up.
• Inelastic Collision Calculator Velocities after a head-on inelastic collision, with the kinetic energy lost.
• Momentum Calculator Find momentum, mass or velocity from the other two.
• Net Force Calculator Add up to four forces at any angle into one resultant force, with its direction and the acceleration it causes.
• Normal Force Calculator The force a surface pushes back with, on the flat or a slope, with any extra push or pull.
• Tension Calculator Rope tension for a hanging load, a load on two ropes, or two masses over a pulley.
• Weight Calculator (Mass × Gravity) The weight of a mass as a force, on Earth, on other planets or under any gravity.

Work, energy, power, torque, circular motion, gravity and springs.

• Angular Acceleration Calculator Angular acceleration from a change in rotation rate, with the turns made and the torque needed.
• Angular Velocity and Circular Period Calculator Angular velocity in rad/s from rpm, an angle and time, a period or a speed, with the period and edge speed.
• Centripetal Force and Acceleration Calculator Centripetal acceleration and force for circular motion, from speed or period, with the period and rpm.
• Efficiency Calculator Efficiency as a percentage from useful output and total input, of energy or power.
• Escape Velocity Calculator The speed needed to escape a planet’s gravity from its surface or from any altitude.
• Gravitational Force Calculator Newton’s law of gravitation: the attraction between two masses at a given distance.
• Hooke’s Law and Spring Constant Calculator Find spring force, spring constant or extension from the other two.
• Kinetic Energy Calculator Find kinetic energy, mass or speed from the other two.
• Mechanical Energy Calculator Total kinetic and potential energy, and the speed at another height if no energy is lost.
• Moment of Inertia Calculator Moment of inertia of common shapes, with an optional shift of the axis.
• Orbital Velocity and Period Calculator The speed and period of a circular orbit at any altitude around a planet, the Moon or the Sun.
• Potential Energy Calculator Gravitational potential energy: find energy, mass or height from the other two.
• Power Calculator (Work and Force × Speed) Mechanical power from work done over a time, or a force moving at a speed, in watts and horsepower.
• Rotational Kinetic Energy Calculator The energy of a spinning object, with the total if it is also moving along.
• Simple Harmonic Motion Calculator Position, velocity and acceleration at any time, from amplitude and frequency or a mass on a spring.
• Simple Pendulum Calculator Pendulum period from length, or the length for a given period, with the correction for wide swings.
• Spring Potential Energy Calculator Energy stored in a spring: find energy, spring constant or compression, and the launch speed of a mass.
• Torque Calculator (Force × Lever Arm) Torque from a force, the length of the lever and the angle between them.
• Work Calculator (Force × Distance) The work done by a force over a distance, at any angle to the motion.

Pressure, buoyancy, Bernoulli, wave speed, Doppler and sound.

• Bernoulli Equation Calculator Solve Bernoulli’s equation for the downstream pressure or speed along a streamline.
• Buoyancy Calculator (Archimedes’ Principle) The buoyant force on a submerged object, whether it floats, and how much of it sits below the surface.
• Density Calculator (Mass ÷ Volume) Find density, mass or volume from the other two.
• Doppler Effect Calculator The frequency heard from a moving sound source, a moving listener, or both.
• Frequency and Period Calculator Convert frequency to period and back, with the angular frequency.
• Hydrostatic Pressure Calculator Pressure at a depth in a liquid, as gauge and absolute pressure.
• Mach Number Calculator Mach number from a speed and the air temperature, or a known speed of sound.
• Pressure Calculator (Force ÷ Area) Find pressure, force or area from the other two.
• Reynolds Number Calculator Reynolds number from density, speed, length and viscosity, with the likely flow regime in a pipe.
• Speed of Sound Calculator The speed of sound in air and other gases at any temperature.
• Standing Wave and Harmonics Calculator Resonant frequencies and wavelengths of a string or pipe, for any harmonic.
• Wave Speed, Frequency and Wavelength Calculator Find wave speed, frequency or wavelength from the other two, for sound, water or any other wave.

Photons, lenses, refraction, heat transfer and relativity.

• Heat Transfer Calculator Heat flow by conduction, convection or radiation between two temperatures.
• Length Contraction Calculator Special relativity: how much shorter a moving object measures along its direction of travel.
• Magnification Calculator Optical magnification from distances or heights, with the image height.
• Mass-Energy Equivalence Calculator (E = mc²) Convert mass to its equivalent energy and back, using E = mc².
• Mirror Equation Calculator Solve the mirror equation for a concave or convex mirror, with the magnification and radius of curvature.
• Photon Energy and Momentum Calculator Energy and momentum of a photon from its wavelength, frequency or energy.
• Snell’s Law and Refraction Calculator The refracted angle or refractive index at a boundary, with the critical angle for total internal reflection.
• Specific Heat Calculator (Q = mcΔT) Find heat energy, specific heat capacity, mass or final temperature.
• Thermal Conductivity and R-Value Calculator Thermal conductivity from a measured heat flow, with the R-value and U-value of the layer.
• Thermal Expansion Calculator How much a length or volume grows or shrinks with a change in temperature.
• Thin Lens Equation Calculator Solve the lens equation for image distance, object distance or focal length, with magnification.
• Time Dilation Calculator Special relativity: how much less time passes on a moving clock.