Light, Heat & Relativity
Photons, lenses, refraction, heat transfer and relativity.
- Heat Transfer Calculator Heat flow by conduction, convection or radiation between two temperatures.
- Length Contraction Calculator Special relativity: how much shorter a moving object measures along its direction of travel.
- Magnification Calculator Optical magnification from distances or heights, with the image height.
- Mass-Energy Equivalence Calculator (E = mc²) Convert mass to its equivalent energy and back, using E = mc².
- Mirror Equation Calculator Solve the mirror equation for a concave or convex mirror, with the magnification and radius of curvature.
- Photon Energy and Momentum Calculator Energy and momentum of a photon from its wavelength, frequency or energy.
- Snell’s Law and Refraction Calculator The refracted angle or refractive index at a boundary, with the critical angle for total internal reflection.
- Specific Heat Calculator (Q = mcΔT) Find heat energy, specific heat capacity, mass or final temperature.
- Thermal Conductivity and R-Value Calculator Thermal conductivity from a measured heat flow, with the R-value and U-value of the layer.
- Thermal Expansion Calculator How much a length or volume grows or shrinks with a change in temperature.
- Thin Lens Equation Calculator Solve the lens equation for image distance, object distance or focal length, with magnification.
- Time Dilation Calculator Special relativity: how much less time passes on a moving clock.