AllMyCalculators

Birthday Paradox Calculator

The surprising result is that a small group is as likely as not to contain a shared birthday.

Change it to test other shared values, such as ID numbers.

At least two share a birthday
—

Share sends a link that reopens these numbers. Copy details pastes the full breakdown as a list.

Everyone’s is different —
Someone shares yours —
Smallest group for an even chance —
Reading this —

The formula

P(all different) = (d − 1)/d × (d − 2)/d × … × (d − n + 1)/d P(a match) = 1 − P(all different)

The product is added up as logarithms, so large groups stay accurate.

What to watch out for

It feels wrong because we think about a match with ourselves. But any pair counts, and 23 people make 253 pairs.

Frequently Asked Questions

How many people for a 50% chance?

23, where the chance is 50.73%.

And with 70 people?

99.92%.

How many to share my birthday, specifically?

Far more: 253 other people for an even chance.